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The diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract during which phase?

  1. Exhalation

  2. Inhalation

  3. Respiration

  4. Ventilation

The correct answer is: Exhalation

Exhalation is the phase where the diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract, causing a decrease in thoracic volume and an increase in pressure, pushing air out of the lungs. Inhalation, on the other hand, is the phase where these muscles relax, causing an increase in thoracic volume and a decrease in pressure, allowing for air to enter the lungs. Respiration refers to the exchange of gases in the lungs and body tissues, while ventilation is the process of moving air in and out of the lungs. Therefore, options B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not specifically refer to the contraction of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles during exhalation.