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The autonomic nervous system controls all of the following functions, except:

  1. breath holding

  2. breathing

  3. digestion

  4. vessel dilation

The correct answer is: breath holding

The autonomic nervous system is responsible for controlling involuntary bodily functions, such as breathing, digestion, and vessel dilation. It plays a role in regulating processes that are not under conscious control. However, breath-holding is a voluntary action and is regulated by the somatic nervous system, not the autonomic nervous system. Therefore, the correct answer is A.