JBL EMT Practice Exam 2026 - Free EMT Practice Questions and Study Guide

During an asthma attack, the airways undergo constriction and inflammation, leading to difficulty in breathing. Constriction causes the airways to narrow, making it harder for air to pass through, while inflammation results in swelling and increased production of mucus, further obstructing the air passages. This combination of constriction and inflammation is a hallmark of asthma exacerbations, making option A the correct choice.

Options B, C, and D are not correct because they do not accurately describe the physiological changes that occur during an asthma attack. Inflammation, infection, and spasms may have roles in other respiratory conditions, but it is the combination of constriction and inflammation specifically seen in asthma that leads to breathing difficulties.